The protocols underlying the Internet

The protocols underlying the Internet

As development of Wide Area Networking was in the early 1970s, leading to the emergence of the Internet, the TCP / IP protocol was going well developed. TCP stands for Transmission Control Protocol, while IP for Internet Protocol is. The adoption of the TCP / IP protocols as Internet protocol led to the integration of networks in a large network, which has grown a trademark of hitting about 2,267 billion subscribers as at the end of December 2011 (Internet World Stats) quickly. Today we have many application service protocols coexisting with TCP / IP as the underlying protocol.

TCP / IP is a transport protocol. There may be applications used to support directly or other protocols to TCP / IP are superimposed, to provide additional functionality. These protocols are:

• HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) - Used to share information from Web browsers and Web servers. On the other hand, if a secure connection is required, SSL (Secure Socket Layer) protocol or its successor protocol Transport Layer Security (TLS), use encryption, are used to create a secure connection through the Web browser, but this time instead of HTTP, it uses HTTPS.


• SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) - Used and email to send received via the TCP / IP protocol. Due to its limit in message queues, it is usually used with other protocols such as POP3 or IMAP.


• TELNET (Telecommunication Network) - Used to to connect to remote hosts via a telnet client. This leads to make your computer a virtual machine while you are working on the remote computer as if it were on your desktop.


• FTP (File Transfer Protocol) - Used to transfer files from one host to another using FTP client software over a TCP / IP network.


• NNTP (Network News Transfer Protocol) - Used to transport news articles between news servers.

TCP (Transport Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol) are both Internet protocols for transporting data. IP (Internet Protocol) as the underlying protocol of the Internet virtual network. He sits under the UDP and TCP protocols. IP datagram provide the basic mechanisms for transferring all TCP / IP networks. These include the Internet, ATM, local area networks, such as Ethernet and Token Ring networks. TCP is reliable and is connection-oriented. It establishes the connection before transmitting the data, and can flow the data in both directions. UDP is a protocol datagram with limited capabilities. It does not guarantee the arrival of the message on the other end. Receive datagram packets to their destination in any order and need to be rebuilt. Sometimes UDP over TCP is preferred where there are small amounts of data is therefore to transfer the amount of data received at the destination does not take much time to reassemble so that it will be faster. UDP is also a preferred choice of data packets during transmission, requiring no response. It also provides a checksum capability to ensure all data has arrived.

application protocols above the two building blocks of the Internet protocols; namely, UDP and TCP. These two protocols have a unique compromise. UDP provides a simple message protocol forwarding, the omission has failures but has minimal cost due to the fact that it need not be a responsibility for the message relay fault. This protocol is commonly used for broadcasting; as in video streaming. TCP has guaranteed message delivery, but at the expense of additional messages with much higher latency and storage costs.