Mobsters in America - Stephanie St Clair - The Queen of the Harlem numbers racket

Mobsters in America - Stephanie St Clair - The Queen of the Harlem numbers racket

She was chased from the Harlem numbers racket of Dutch Schultz, but Schultz was from a gunshot wound dying Stephanie St . Clair, had the last laugh.

Stephanie St. Clair was born in 1886 in Marseille, an island in the eastern Caribbean. At the age of 26, she immigrated to New York City and settled in Harlem. Almost immediately, they hooked up with the Forty Thieves, a white band that existed since the 1850s. There is no record of what St. Clair for the next ten years, but it's safe to say its relations with the Forty Thieves are considering, but a notorious gang shake-down, which she did everything legally.

In 1922, St. Clair used $ 10,000 of their own money and started first numbers racket Harlem. St. Clair was known to be a violent temper and often for having cursed her subordinates in multiple languages. When people asked her about her heritage in question, she snapped that she was born in "European France", and that they spoke flawless French, in contrast to the French-speaking rabble from the Caribbean. In Harlem they called her Madame St. Clair, but also in the rest of the city, it was just as well known "Queenie".

In the mid 1920s known bootlegger and Stone Killer Dutch Schultz, he decided to cross all political racket in Harlem take wanted. Schultz asked Queenie not too good away backwards, causing the deaths of dozens of Queenies numbers runner. Queenie wore the help of Bumpy Johnson, an ex-con with a hair-trigger temper, to take care of Schultz situation. Johnson went to the city and visited the Italian Mafia boss Lucky Luciano. He asked Luciano it were to speak in Schultz. But it was not able to do much Luciano, because at that time he was one of Schultz 'partners. Luciano suggested that Queenie and Johnson throw Schultz so that it. In fact, a subdivision of Schultz numbers Business This did not sit too well with Queenie, and although Johnson tried was to convince the smart move, she turned down Luciano offer.

Then out of nowhere began Queenie problems it paid off with the police, they look the other way. This was the work of Schultz, who had by his links with Tammany Hall, several politicians in his back pocket, as over half the police in New York City. While Schultz's number runners impunity, runners of Queenie worked through the streets of Harlem, as they are not killed by Schultz "men were to be arrested by the police.

Queenie decided with the power of the press to fight back. in December 1930 Queenie took multiple ads in Harlem newspapers and accused the police of graft, relief camps and corruption. This went on not too good with the local fuzz, and they immediately arrested Queenie found guilty for illegal gambling.Queenie and was sentenced hard work on Welfare island to eight months. After her release, she appeared before the committee Seabury, which was graft in the Bronx and Manhattan Magistrates courts to investigate. Queenie testified that from 1923-1926, they the police in Harlem $ 6000 had paid to protect their runners before the arrest, and that the police had taken their money and arrested anyway their number runners. Schultz has a good laugh over that one have had a month for 6000 $ less than he the bulls happy in New York paid to keep City.

Nothing came of their testimony before the committee Seabury so Queenie decided to plead her case to New York City Mayor Jimmy Walker, who was almost like Schultz crooked. Queenie told Walker that Schultz was to combine pressure on them his gang or. Walker, who was himself investigated by the Seabury Committee replied to leave Queenie from his job as mayor and relocate in the next few years to Europe.

Queenie then with the other black policy number bankers in Harlem pleaded in a battle against Schultz to join their forces. Knowing that Schultz in the government had too much juice, and many shooters in his gang, they turned their homes down.

Bumpy Johnson soon found out that Schultz had put the word on the street that Queenie had to be at first glance, shot. Queenie went into the ground and also refused to go outside to see the light of day. On one occasion, Johnson Queenie had to hide in a coal bunker, under a pile of coal, to save them from Schultz 'people. That was the last straw for Queenie. She sent word Schultz that they would agree to his demands. Schultz sent word back to her that she could stay alive as long as they in their numbers racket Schultz has a controlling interest. Queenie agreed reluctantly.

Schultz had his own run pitch, when he demanded that Luciano and his friends on the killing of special prosecutor Thomas E. Dewey agree that breathing down the neck Schultz. Schultz's proposal was rejected, and when he said he would kill Dewey himself, he was shot in the stomach in the bathroom of a New Jersey restaurant. Schultz lingered in a delirious in a hospital for a few days before he died. As he lay there mumbling inanities, a telegram arrived, saying, "As you sow, so shall you reap." Stephanie St. Clair -

The telegram was sent by the Queen of Harlem.

Queenie finally turned over their rackets to Bumpy Johnson. They fall into oblivion and died in his sleep in 1969.

In 1997 film "Hoodlum" Lawrence Fishburne played Bumpy Johnson, Tim Roth played Dutch Schultz, Andy Garcia played Lucky Luciano and Cicely Tyson Stephanie "played Queenie" St. Clair.

Globalization and Education

Globalization and Education

In this paper, I will look at the impact of globalization on education, whether it is positive or negative. The paper examines how globalization educators has given the opportunity to enhance their teaching and learning experience. One of the sources is a follow-up held at a conference at Harvard by many faculty experts in various fields. The article should provide some good insights, whether globalization has not proved beneficial to educators and the education they provide. Globalization is a process, have combined in the economy, cultures and societies through a global network of trade and communications. While the term is more commonly used in commercial settings, globalization has helped in the development of society as a whole. Globalisation is not a new idea, and when it is used in its economic connotation, it refers to the removal of trade barriers among nations to improve the flow of goods throughout the world and to increase. But in this article we will look at the impact of globalization on education and the educators themselves.

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influenced the way globalization trade barriers and the communication between the individual countries in turn has accustomed the way educating educators. Companies have targeted schools and universities and they have turned to help the expansion. Courses and programs to increase restructured the marketing for programs like MBAs and distance learning. Distance learning is an online-based course that in people who are already working, or those who need to stay at home, has helped achieve a degree. As a result, the cost for students to attend universities and gone to a change in the way leading loans and grants are distributed and in what amount. The perception people have of the current economy is playing a big impact in the globalization effect on education. Regardless of the higher cost, the students still find it necessary to stay in school and as much accreditation as they can before entering the labor market. It is predicted that in the coming years, school enrollment will continue to increase substantially the faith to reason that a degree in today's economy, which is not detrimental to success.

The restricted courses, allowing students to prepare for particular jobs, as opposed to giving them an education on a topic. This is described as a "Lead-based" teaching strategy where students are not only the concepts of the degree required taught but also in management. This is something hard to resist, but the increase in direct costs for students is cause for concern in some people. Some people looking at this connection between globalization and education and define it as a technique, the government used to modularize education throughout the world. Some people feel the government is doing so because of the pressure of "more power" to increase the educational welfare of students, without receiving any opposition to the changes. The increasing understanding is that globalization is reflected in an educational program, for various and numerous improvements to the education system, enables educators even allowed on their lessons to expand and present students with real-life situations, they need to " think outside the box ", or outside the range of their particular field, if you will.

Finally, globalization seems to be a quite beneficial movement in relation to education, as a whole, although there are still some obstacles in the way. Harvard economist David Bloom has said that the global economy have thrived in the globalization, as they all share a deep commitment to the education of young people. But he goes on to say that, have gone on globalization while these nations to their education to increase prosperity, globalization has spread further more "wealth of the rich" and less benefits for the poor. It was suggested at the same Harvard conference that education for pre-college students and more information, and the students should know before, for example, that, go, "the state of the Indian economy, could well affect their ability to receive and hold job once completed ". The whole idea is very interesting and should be closely monitored as further globalization impact on education will most likely be greater, as it has been for many other aspects of society.

Why Online journals are becoming more popular

Why Online journals are becoming more popular

We have seen an enormous growth in the capabilities and possibilities of the online world. The daily online magazine, blog, or listing site is now the best available and most effective way to get some of advertising; whether it is. a roll of toilet paper, or the latest addition to the gadget world

The average person today would much rather quickly read an article or news report on the Internet, where it is immediately accessible and available when going out to buy a particular newspaper or magazine that contains the specific article or news bulletin , Think about it; You hear that one of your favorite soap star has been nominated for an award. You are sitting in front of the laptop. Do you prefer to sign up quickly on the Internet and the history to be found in a search engine, or would you waste 10 minutes walk to the store and search for a magazine or newspaper that covers the story? Simple answer, is not it?

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Now, one of the best ideas of valuable information and the expansion of the online world is the online magazine. Someone give the person who thought an award! Not only are online magazines more accessible than print magazines; they are also usually free; This is an added bonus! And what's more, online magazines are generally much more relaxed and fun, the print magazines. You can everything from short stories submitted by readers to include fun, informative articles and advertisements! So people tend to print a lot more than magazines to enjoy.

When an online magazine launch the online version of the print magazine to be, you will benefit in terms of exposure. This is because you can "piggy-back" and so a larger online community build on the established brand print magazine and fame because of the popularity. More and more brands adopt this way today. Fashion houses and retailers, grocery stores and supermarkets and pharmacies are just some of the types of businesses that rely on their already established companies and brand, to build a new and reach more people on the Internet.

brand visibility is extremely important for any business, because that is where the market will go: online and digital. It was as marketing tools used an enormous growth in the popularity of social networks like Facebook and Twitter are. So if you decide an online magazine, remember that it is important to back it up with some sort of marketing; even if it free marketing, such as Facebook and Twitter. Use what there is to build a brand there, and then look to spend money for marketing, if it is necessary at all!

Ethical Clothing - progress or greenwash?

Ethical Clothing - progress or greenwash?

Ethical clothing is hot news now. Wherever you look in the fashion industry, which is what the buzz going. Thus, manufacturers and retailers have finally bowed to consumer pressure and cleaned their act?

are The problem with answering this question, there is no standard definition is, on what ethical clothing actually is. Some people focus on fair trade issues. How were treated the workers? How much they were paid? Others are more used with the materials on the procurement organic, recycled and animal-free products and to concentrate. Still others focus on transport and around the world on the environmental cost of shipping fabric and finished goods. It is rare to get a single point of sale, which also only a minority of their shares will be treated to all these questions.

For sure, the large retail chains have ethical clothing output cottoned and fall in an attempt about themselves seem to be as green green. Top Shop has teamed with People Tree (local in much of the world-countries Community production support) and M & S have bought 30% of the world's Fairtrade cotton supply. Primark, once labeled the least ethical place clothing in the UK to buy - just 2.5 of 20 achieved at the ethical index - has to change with the Ethical Trading Initiative (ETI) and swore their way to be connected.

The ETI sounds a great idea, but in reality it is only a means by which to enter the company itself a cheap green image. To the EIT dealer must join agree to accept a basic code. The code is large. It includes everything you would expect - good working conditions, fair wages, etc. The error, and it's a huge one, is that the dealer does not agree, you have to think of this code - only in the direction to work with him , How many companies have simply look together to green?

In December 2006, to combat poverty campaigners from War on Want, the appalling conditions and payment of Bangladeshi workers supplying Primark and Tesco (both ETI members) reported.

In 2006, working behind the label carried out a large survey of the biggest fashion brands and retailers in the high street. Simply ask, "What are you to do, that the worker makes your clothes ensure paid a living wage?" The majority of the responses that they had "a combination of procrastination, stalling and fairly transparent excuses. Few companies admitted that there was a problem, and even less that they had a responsibility to fix it." Were, again

A follow-up study in 2007 found that had changed very little.

"There is not a single high street company where we could say we believe that you could buy their products knowing that they were not made in sweatshop conditions." Said Sam Maher, behind the label a spokesman for campaign group work.

But it's not all bad news. There are a growing number of alternatives available. Stores who really strive, well made, stylish, organic and fair-trade clothing. Most of these are only found online and until we as consumers give them our support, which is where they will stay. Let's get shopping!

Interested in a career in the coffee trade?

Interested in a career in the coffee trade?

Coffee is the second most traded commodity in the world, as measured by monetary volume for crude oil. coffee, no doubt, is large business. This is good news for coffee lovers and lovers who can turn their passion for the brew into a permanent occupation. Coffee demand goes far beyond just beans for hot or cold drinks is used. Cooking with coffee is an established practice in many trendy culinary upscale and specialized restaurants. The menus offer dishes with many savory sauces that contain coffee as an ingredient. Take a quick look at title cookbooks, recipes and cooking news and you will see the use of the brew almost everywhere.

Let's look at some of views the career paths in the coffee trade.

coffee supplier: an intermediary between the coffee and growers purchase beans companies. A coffee supplier must be an expert in coffee varieties to be types of beans, sales and marketing trends, supply and demand conditions for the different types of coffee. Strong business and organizational skills are necessary. Coffee trade includes a complex system of packaging, shipping, export regulations and transportation coordinator. The supplier has great personal skills to interact with the coffee farmers on their level and communicate with coffee purchasing executives a very different business language. Foreign language skills are very useful, especially Spanish, because so much coffee is produced in Spanish-speaking countries.

coffee tasters: a very "cool" profession that requires extremely advanced sense of taste and to smell. Tasters exist for wine, champagne, beer, orange juice and many other consumables. Coffee tasters are very important in trading. Professional coffee tasters can distinguish differences between 100 coffees. The main purpose of tasters is to determine the quality and usability of beans and develop new blends. The coffee tasters not actually swallow the concoction. Instead of coffee tasters sucks it from a spoon on the back of the mouth with the tongue to taste the flavors and then spits out the sample.

Coffee Trader: Arabica coffee futures and options are in New York at the Intercontinental Exchange (ICE, formerly the New York Board of Trade) traded. Robusta coffee futures traded in London on Euronext.liffe. There are also other international exchanges, trade coffee futures in other foreign locations. Become a coffee merchant requires knowledge of fluctuations in prices, production and seasonal variations from country to country, to keep up with news about weather, politics and social changes step that can affect coffee production. Above all, a dealer must have nerves of steel to withstand the emotional and peer pressure, which is normal in the commodity trading pools, where can be made and lost in a matter of hours or minutes assets.

Coffee flavourists: requires this profession a bachelor degree in biology or chemistry with specialized food studies at a postgraduate level. Most coffee flavorists are passionate about the brew. They are also very curious people, to find the love experiments that "brewing next unique flavored." The coffee flavourists spends the day mixing and matching of specific compounds to create unique flavors. Not surprisingly, many flavorists are also very good cooks.

Coffee Inspector: This activity requires very good knowledge of the beans, ground coffee quality and component testing. Most coffee inspectors work for companies that are certified to assist with inspection and certification services to docking stations, ports, warehouses and large coffee processing centers. Coffee inspectors inspect bulk shipments and certifying the quality control lab coffee tasting. The coffee Inspector ensures that bulk coffee buyers receive ordered the right amount and quality of the beans.

coffee "Barista" originally from the term was for uniformed bartender in Italy or trained "mixologists" know all kinds of drink mixes. in the production of espresso, espresso-based drinks and many other types of coffee drinks due to the growth in the gourmet coffee industry, the term barista has synonymous with an expert. A trained barista coffee knows exactly how much hot water should be to be forced through the mesh of an espresso machine and for how long, to create the perfect foam of frothed milk or espresso allow natural darkness to form. Many baristas also practice "coffee art" and master the art of the available forms on the brew with milk, cream, coffee flavors and other ingredients to create.

The list continues with many other skilled job opportunities in trade for coffee lovers. So what a break and enjoy a delicious cup of white chocolate flavored coffee or chocolate to take Cinnamon Hazelnut flavored coffee?

Memories of West Wind in the 1960s

Memories of West Wind in the 1960s

In the small group of pioneers who brought a new industry to life in the 1960s, was the youngest apprentice, Keith Fidgett, and it was the sad news that Keith had lost his wife Jean, brought the memories of those challenging days back to mind. The company, which started life as West Wind Turbines Ltd was founded in 1963, Britain's first generation of industrial tools including gas-lubricated bearings to design and manufacture, is performed based on the basic research at the University of Southampton. After supplying international markets with a number of spindles with air bearings, the company changed its name to Westwind air bearing, a name given is up today.

When Keith Fidgett the youngest was at West Wind in the 1960s, was Walter Kammerling is one of the oldest. A refugee from the Nazi takeover of Austria, Walter had come to England at the age of 16 and obtained professional qualifications in both the mechanical and electrical engineering. As chief engineer, he played a central role in the practical application of the new technology, and in 1964 he was the forty rotating senior member of a relatively young team. Now 91, Walter Kammerling has been published in the fate of Holocaust recently the harrowing story of his family. He had by his colleagues at Westwind for his high professional skills and total integrity in memory.

The secret air bearing manufacturing was a new level of precision engineering and to realize in the early days, involved the process at a level of honing perhaps fate never been achieved before. But the early gas-lubricated machines might never have been made with the required accuracy for the genius of Lesley Somers. Still the old imperial unit of inches in the 1960s with a bearing bore of a tenth of a thousandth of an inch in Lesley could match what he would happily call a quick thrill. Les, as he was known to his colleagues, was for many years the jovial Welsh heart of a precision manufacturing operation.

to play a key role in the development of new products was a development engineer Michael Sturm. A veteran of a gas lubrication test program at the Bristol Siddeley Engines Ltd., Mike came to West Wind technology in manufacturing applied to see. As an essential factor for the introduction of a series of innovative products, served Mike Tempest Westwind until retirement and has been retained as a consultant for several years after.

Few of the pioneers were mentioned but Westwind Air Bearings still manufactures high-speed precision micro hole drilling spindles for the worlds electronics industry and claims to command seventy percent of the global market. Most computers, mobile phones and other widespread electronic aids to modern life included micro holes drilled Westwind products. The company has thousands of person-years of employment and earned millions of pounds from exports, thanks to this happy band of pioneers and many worthy heirs provided that they succeeded.

Boise, Idaho - Still Racist?

Boise, Idaho - Still Racist?

Boise, Idaho has a long lived, eventful history of perceived racism of United States citizens in our great country. Personally, I'm originally from Grand Rapids, Michigan, the home of our late President Gerald R. Ford. I grew up in a place where my mother launcher was designated for our neighborhood softball team as the ghetto All-Stars. I am African-American and graduated from Mountain Home High School in Idaho, where I played for former Olympic basketball great Ed Palubinskas.

Boise, Idaho ... well, let us first to definitely an area of ​​very few African-Americans say, but oh man, there are a lot of Hispanics speak only in terms on any other race except Caucasians throughout the state of Idaho. abruptly for the State University Broncos Boise Cheering, these days, is what it's all about as far as the Boiseans are affected. Sales, sales, sales!

Many dollars are for the community of Boise and the "White Collar" guys from Boise corporate world generated, of which I "stares and stares" of at the local Boise Family YMCA on a daily basis to get. Go figure, I look like the same children at the skilled positions of Boise State football and Boise State University basketball that they (the whites) cheer on a weekly basis. Oh, the cheering is prohibited because of money wagered after wins or produced or influenced by the alcoholic stimulation of a few cans of Coors Light!

Regardless, it is of course, I spend my fair share of time at the Boise State University and I personally do not see congratulatory hand shakes or appreciative gestures that is to African-American player ever given by the citizens of the community. I can not remember the last time I heard former Boise State University and NBA players, Chris of the child on the radio or message name, and he is a multi-millionaire! I think no one in Boise, getting a hand-out scored by him ... ... say a little we, $ 500,000 to $ 1 million!

The fact that Community melting pot of visitors and local traffic as the Boise Public Library, Boise main post office and get it well ... the local media, including television (KTVB channel 7, KIVI channel 6 and KBCI channel 2), radio and print, not employ African Americans on a consistent basis, worries me to a certain degree. The reason for this, one would conclude that African Americans are either flipping job of these organizations provides (a means to earn a living) or simply not the positions will be offered primarily (that's so 1960-ish)! I'd be willing to bet $ 11 million that work done or has to, would welcome arms are received as a way to provide for themselves and their families, regardless of during their internships African American children in school whether the position is primarily to "white" Boise, Idaho. In other words, the jobs are not offered and definitely no interviews. The last time I saw an African-American messages in Boise reporting, I think Milli Vanilli was still perceived as REAL!

Either way racism comes from the dining tables of ignorance. Generations of ignorant people who just do not have enough seen Martin Luther King Jr.'s, Harriet Tubman, Jackie Robinson, and oh yeah ... Barack Obama our nation's first black president. Please, just once, give me the opportunity to see an African-American news reporter or journalist. Please, just once, give me a chance, a former black Boise State athlete in Radio presented (rather than some "halfway" from Fruitland, Idaho, to see that I have seen at a local sports events Puttin around 8 beers and then drive his wife and children back home), please, just once, give me a chance to give my money order to an African-American on the Boise Local post.

Get this ... I have in the Boise YMCA Local Whirlpool not sat with more than 5 different African-Americans (the hook is, I have been a member for almost a decade, and I'm in the hot-tub 3- 4 days / week)! In other words, we (African-Americans), un-President are still strange for Boiseans, still less to Boiseans nor like Boiseans nor ... is Boise still racist?

I can not help but imagine if Boise State senior, "Bush" Hamdan whose real name is something like Jibran (Arabic), were not benched in favor of freshman quarterback Kellen Moore, if ticket sales or the number victory would have dropped. In other words, with Boise State Football Schedule ... could my grandmother played quarterback and led them in the Rose Bowl! Why not give an ethical endorsement of sorts to a senior (although his name from the roots of Islam). I thought, when he changed his name to "BUSH" would certainly give him the nod ... NOT !!!

How bout "if African-American quarterback Nate Sparks of Boise State (even during his senior year) was allowed to settle in favor of a second year, which led the team to what someone has done on the basis of their schedule could. in other words, it always seems to be a rally cry "whites" from Boise to be in terms of which is shouldered cold for the position of quarterbacks in the Boise State University. you can not tell me that the ethical responsibilities treat our communities beloved athletes University at Boise State is respected hearing calls throughout Boise;. my opinion is that so many Boiseans forget that these children are some of the comments here at local venues, the Games do on TV! show are absurd!

Let us not forget the turn-out, when Barack Obama came to Boise Taco Bell Arena. Oh man, I was there on that cold, cold, cold morning. Husbands of women who have been out of warm beds in the early hours of the morning AM "Ticked" got to say the least. None-the-less, they stood in line for a very long time. In fact, by the time I got to the doors, felt my fingers like a frozen snicker bar, if it's the only thing in the freezer without society!

Each hip hop hoorayin, takin pictures smilin, laughin, shakin hands like crazy. Oh yeah ... Obama the state of Idaho through the 2nd largest margin of any state in America lost (the fron-runner was Utah and believe me, Boiseans seem almost jealous of)!

Is Boise still racist? Ask to find African-Americans with college degrees who applied for bank teller positions in Boise, only white children or even Hispanic (anything but African Americans) with GED's received the position; to find white kids or even Hispanics (anything but African Americans) with GED asking African Americans with college degrees who have applied for the basic production jobs at Micron Technology and Hewlett Packard, only received the position (that's so 1960 -ish); ask African Americans with college degrees who have applied for the basic entry-level jobs at even temporarily services, not even to find only white kids or even Hispanics (anything but African Americans) with GED (and in some cases a "Green Card ! was awarded the position ') (which is so 1960-ish); ask African Americans with college degrees who have so applied only for the basic beginner telemarketing jobs at local Boise telephone companies to find white kids or even Hispanics (anything but African Americans) with GED's received the position (that is 1960- ish), well ... it's a good thing, Idaho only 4 represents electorals in presidential elections, Barack or would not be and that brings me .. this! . why was it such a big investment for a man who nobody voted seemingly in Idaho? is it so attractive (that's so 1960-ish)? is he as creative (that's so 1960-ish)? is he as assertive ( that's so 1960-ish)? Is he married to our nations first black president of our nation very, very, very first African-American FIRST LADY (that's so ... 2009)?

The Verju Green Laser: Non-invasive cellulite and fat reduction!

The Verju Green Laser: Non-invasive cellulite and fat reduction!

Is it at all possible - a real reduction of cellulite, and a real reduction of the disturbing fat deposits with measurable loss of inches, via a simple, completely non-invasive, 100% painless , comfortable office treatment? The short answer is: Yes! The long answer should start with a very brief overview of how this came about all.

The Zerona is a medical device that came into public use about 5 years ago. It is a low-level laser therapy (LLLT) device which a known red (635 nm) surface laser used colored - a so-called "cold" laser - which produces no heat and no combustion, as on the surface the skin shines (ie completely non-invasive and completely painless). Yet the laser light energy is harmless through the skin and through the fat cells "trick" only absorbed to it melts in itself! Based Research and 20+ medical journal articles demonstrate to over 15+ years its validity, the Zerona FDA received 510 (k) clearances from 2010 to 2013 for the "non-invasive reduction of the arms, waist, hip and thigh circumference" about fat loss. have follow-up studies significant scope reductions (such as a 3.5-inch total loss vs. 0.6 inches for placebo!) Replicates a result of a full course of treatment (usually a series 5-6 treatment sessions) and with the results as persistent documented out long term for at least one year! This is not a temporary fat "redistribution" or a transient decrease in tissue fluids. The studies were conducted with participants in no change in nutrition agree, no change in the level of activity or movement, and NO concomitant therapies on board to be alone in a position to see the actual results of Zerona LLLT treatments which would be. The results were often noted to be visible in less than 2 weeks! Keep in mind that the loss of 3.5 inches total seen in the research topics corresponds to a loss of about 12,600 calories! This is the equivalent of 42 cheeseburgers or 72 boxes of ice! 12,600 calories represents a loss of about 2000cc (that is 4 - 5 pounds) of pure fat! in an attempt to burn the exercise of that number of calories it would take 40 hours swimming 18 hours jogging or with some 21 hours of tennis When you!

low-level laser therapy (LLLT) causes transient, lipid pore draining to open cells in fat (adipose tissue), under the skin only - there is no necrosis, no thermal damage, no cellular disorder, destruction, or lysis. Lipid liquefaction is excited and the stored fat slowly but surely licking his way out. All affected cells are drained of their fat and as they begin more and more empty, the fat cells to collapse and shrink. This laser stimulates leaky pores remain open for about 48 hours or more, resulting in more and more fat cells emptying and shrinkage for some 2 - 3 days after treatment. A known natural enzymatic type connection of the body - cyclic AMP - is the key in all of this. The laser light absorption tilt switch, which some cytochrome C oxidase activation called that then opens all the pores directly this enzyme. This is the same exact mechanism triggered by aggressive diet or exercise! After treatment actually show trials microscope histology open the pores! After that we can actually see and track the fat cells - Hundreds of thousands of them - all collapse and shrink are released as their lipids, followed by a 25% decrease in subcutaneous fat layer thickness. Dr. Rodrigo Neira's investigations showed that the pores open and the fat cells begin to empty, after 18 minutes the skin LLLT to be exposed! He also revealed that although the fat cells release their contents, the cells remain viable and not damaged. The fat cells are involved in hormone production / control and many other important body functions. We do not want killed or gone it, we want them to be just as small and as its fat reserves as possible emptied! Dr. Neira results were independently confirmed by other researchers. MRI showed fat emulsification (fat melting / emptying) as deep as 5.0 cm (2 to 3 inches) below the skin.

You have heard of the Marvel superhero "The Green Lantern"? Now, we have called the device Verjú our superhero "Green Laser" because Verjú is the next step in the development of this amazing breakthrough noninvasive fat melting technology! The Verjú Green Laser uses a unique green (532nm) low level (16 mW) diode laser light, which produces about as much discomfort on the skin as would a flashlight on them shiny (ie, no!). Verjú provides about 25% more pore opening, fat melting energy to the fat cells than any red laser (the Zerona). This necessarily leads to a decrease in the overall treatment time about Zerona, to achieve the results. In a 2014 study in the prestigious American Journal of Cosmetic Surgery reported a total of 4 inches in circumference reduction were seen in just 2 weeks! Studies have also shown a 0.25 inch to an inch reduction with only one session! Only patients with significant, advanced cellulite (Nürnburger-Muller scale Cellulite classification levels 2 or 3) attended the cellulite part of this study. These patients showed that after 2 weeks 65% significant improvement in their cellulite (compared to 3% improvement in the placebo group!) Had After 4 weeks there was a 89% satisfaction rate (over 26% satisfaction rate in the placebo group). There are no known side effects. With Verjú The Verjú Green laser does not damage delete any tissue. Patients can be continued all the typical daily activities without interruption, ie no downtime or recovery time of any kind!

As the Verjú Green laser work? As you relax, lying check on a convenient table / bed your emails or watch a movie, 5 green laser light patterns controlled by a computer monitor to dance their way harmlessly through the skin to absorb under in the fat and cellulite. Your waist, abdomen, hips and thighs begin to decline as melted fat and cellulite is reduced. Total treatment time is about 30 minutes. Read, sleep, talk to your iPhone - you can do what you want while you are there, how it works. Galvanic Lymphmassage each region is then done to assist in the absorption and processing of the dissolved lipids and fat. These lipids are processed in the same manner as all lipids are normally processed by the body's lymphatic vessels and delivered to the liver - eventually burned as carbon dioxide from. That's right, you will literally breathe your fat away! No pain, no heat, no freezing, no discomfort, no needles, no injections, no cuts. Zero Pain, zero surgery, zero downtime. Put your daily routine immediately after a treatment session. Although no changes in your diet or exercise are needed for best results and maximum benefits, it is highly recommended that you optimize these also. Where can Verjú go to work on the improvement of cellulite for you and reduces fat? The stomach (abdomen), the back / sides, hips, thighs, buttocks, love handles, hips, arms and cellulite pretty much anywhere!

More and more exciting news about the Verjú Green laser these days is in the making. Leptin is a hormone that is released from fat cells. Leptin stimulates hunger and increases appetite. Preliminary studies of leptin according Verjú green laser fat cell shrinkage have indicated a reduction of leptin levels! Other ongoing studies suggest that it takes real and measurable decrease in cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL levels after a series of Verjú Green laser treatments! And what news could be more interesting for diabetics than to hear better Hgb A1-C levels and better glucose levels following Verjú Green Laser treatments for cellulite and fat reduction were seen!

The Verjú Green laser was 510 (k) FDA for non-invasive cellulite reduction and non-invasive fat reduction body in January 2014 cleared contouring of the waist, hips and thighs. The Verjú Green Laser was established in May 2014 to date on "The Doctors" TV show, Verjú the only non -invasive FDA for the treatment of cellulite deleted device. The Verjú Green Laser harmless and elegant appears to be a large and completely non-invasive way to reduce excess body fat and reduce the appearance of cellulite!

The history of online shopping

The history of online shopping

The Internet is a fantastic and useful tool. With a click on our mouse we can read today's news, play an online game, and if we want to shop to our hearts content. But when did it all begin? What is the history of online shopping and what it means to buy online?

online shopping is the process a customer takes to purchase a product or service on the Internet. In other words, at his or her leisure time a consumer can buy from the comfort of their own home products from an online store. This concept was first shown to be before the World Wide Web was processed in use with real-time transaction of a home TV! The technology used was called teletext and was shown for the first time in 1979 by M. Aldrick, developed the systems in Britain and installed. Until 1990 created T. Berners-Lee the first WWW server and browser, and by 1995 Amazon expanded its online shopping experiences.

The history of online shopping is amazing. Gone are the days of waiting in traffic and work our way through crowded stores. All we, is a computer, bank account, debit or credit card and voila need freedom! mention of books, cosmetics, clothing and accessories for a few, online shopping is the answer to the 21st century. Just look for the site that is the objects of desire, price and delivery, and in a matter of few days offers buying at your door. The advantages and convenience are naturally predictable, since we offered on our purchase a wider selection, competitive prices and better access to information relating. Online stores are usually on a 24-hour basis, and allow consumers, in their free time for shopping without traveling and outside of regular business hours!

Another point is should be noted that, when the Internet was first conceived was not with the ideal that it change the way we would buy. On the contrary, the web was created as a tool for communication, the blank at the time of practical convenience of shopping. The history of online shopping by itself symbolizes the transformation in our society and has become a service of companies and regular buyers are used around the world.

Online your Shopping is easy, fun and safe and for: a lot has taken the place of Saturday afternoon window shopping through the post office. Still regarded as a relatively new phenomenon, online shopping undoubtedly has the lives of countless consumers easier and more convenient. Can it be for a home loan, car or the order to buy your weekly groceries, the web has forever changed our view of shopping.

The history of online shopping shows everything a good idea, great presentation, and the desire to offer the best to your customers a make a dream come true. Well-tried considered, it will be interesting in the next 20 years or so to see where the story on online shopping will take us!

Banksy Exposed - The real facts about the artist known as "Banksy"

Banksy Exposed - The real facts about the artist known as "Banksy"

In addition to the humor and sharpness of Banksys work, what people find appealing about the artist is his mysticism. There have been numerous demands, who he really is. Since his rise to fame, several newspapers have announced that they now Banksy had exposed. However, none of these claims were clearly of the elusive artist and those who confirmed to him or refused. Even today, people are not sure who is Banky. But most say that his identity is not really important. You are satisfied with his art and his reputation.

Banksy Photography

There are two alleged pictures of Banksy that gained much attention from the media, "a made in Kingston, Jamaica and put another in Bethnal, East London. More images allegedly have of the artists here and appeared there, but these two are the most credible ones. Various news agencies have used them, especially the one made in Jamaica to pursue the true identity of the artist.

one of the earliest alleged photos of Banksy is the one that appeared on a Jamaican website. the face in the picture is clear, unlike other images, where not enough, which is shown from the face to identify the person in it. the photographer claims reportedly that Banksys arrogance "pushed him the artists to expose face.

In 2007, another picture of Banksy was taken allegedly by a passerby who saw someone in Bethnal Green, East London Graffiti painting. The mural is a piece of Banksy claims that he did. It shows a painter and a simple representation of a yellow flower as a continuation of the yellow road markings London. Some people say that there are similarities between the man in this photograph and the Jamaican in the image.

The most recent picture of the artist who was in Mexico in 2001 appeared taken. Banksy is shown a mural painting. The lower part of the face by what appears to be a red head scarf covered. The rest of it was deliberately pixilated to disguise who he is. The artist himself published to this in his book Freedom through football.

Robert Banks

The earliest Banksy identity "with a biography connected with him the Robert Banks identity. he said someone from Bristol is to have been born between 1974 and 1978. This bio of the artist, says he has not undergone formal training in art. he said, was to have by learned his craft rock memorabilia. his anti-establishment image have begun graffiti was told when he was in school and was with adhesive and finally rewarded expulsion. he started at the age of interest to 14 of

Robin Gunningham

the person most likely to be the real Banksy is someone named Robin Gunningham, according to the British news agency the Daily mail. A reporter for this agency went to Bristol and showed the Jamaica picture to the people there. he got the answers him to Robin Gunningham whose father ran a contract manager and his mother a secretary. This Banksy was said to have gone to an expensive elitist High School, Bristol Cathedral School. The Daily Mail published this claim in 2008

expose the author of the James Tapper said that he believed that this is the real Banksy was there when he traced where Gunningham went Banksy had been in there for about the same time period. Gunningham lived in places close to places where Banksy did some of his shows. A classmate told his that he was good at art when she went to school together. He also stated that Banksy was also a member of the school rugby team. Tapper stated that both Banksy and Robin Gunningham are elusive. There are also many parallels between what the reporter discovered and what Banksy says about himself in his books, films and interviews. This, in the eyes of reporters, reinforced his demand even further.

woman Banksy

In 2011, the Daily Mail another figure in Banksys life introduced his wife. Actually, that Robin Gunninghams woman. Her name is Joy Millward. She is said to have Banksy met in 2003 when she worked as a researcher for a Labour MP. They were married in 2006. It is the item in Las Vegas that they, as Gunningham, was raised in a comfortable lifestyle far removed from the impact of the Banksys art. It is also a very elusive person as Banksy.

created this article in the Daily Mail a storm of controversy from those who admire the Banksys art. The reports are seen as crude tests the artists to reduce credibility as anti-establishment graffiti artists. Many felt that the lives of private citizens had entered wrongly for very superficial reason to try to pull the famous artist a pen or two down. A significant number expressed their opinion that they are not interested in that Banksy is in real life, because they know him through his work and through his various escapades.

It is a group, not a person

There is another strong speculation apart from the two mentioned. One is that Banksy is not a single person, but a group of street performers. This is based on images of Banksy graffiti on the walls in the West Bank up. Other people whose identities are hidden, you can see the work with which you actually paint the picture. You can be assistant or some of Banksys street artists and friends, but all of them could also be known as artist Banksy.

The Real Banksy

people who have accidentally chat with the artists while on a piece uniformly worked say that he's a nice, likeable person. It's just that one instance where someone claims that he was arrogant. This is not surprising. No one can be appealing to everyone. There is always someone out there who is of even the nicest person postpone. In Banksys graffiti war "with Team Robbo, the artist is seen as the first steps to de-escalate things between them. This is a reference to the person behind the mystique.

people who claim to know Banksy, and wrote books about him to give an idea of ​​who he is through the eyes. appears for Robert Clarke, of seven years with Banksy wrote the artist as a crusader, the at bringing works sufferings and contradictions of this world to illuminate through art. He is depicted as someone a way of life to stay away from the public by acting as unobtrusively to be as possible. on the other side of it, in will Ellsworth-Jones book the man has made, behind the wall, it will be shown as a person with his own dilemmas and contradictions, say most of which his is succumbing to "commercialize the lure of his work and more mainstream" by enter them in art galleries and auction.

The question

So who is Banksy, really? Is it Robert Banks or Robin Gunningham or someone else entirely? Does the media really have Banksy exposed? Could be. Of course, none of the claims were expressly confirmed or denied. Even Steve Lazarides, Banksys agent claims he does not know who the artist is. Thus, the Banksy mystique and the majority of people will remain as it this way. The Banksy they know is the one to see them in the satirical ironic and subversive anti-establishment graffiti artist.

Incredible Health

Incredible Health |

Docs baffled by 4 years old man who looks

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Airlines Airlines

Airlines Airlines |

Dig Dig History History

Dig Dig History History |

Miami Heat re-signed guard Beno Udrih

Miami Heat re-signed guard Beno Udrih |

MIAMI HEAT PRESS RELEASE

MIAMI - the Miami Heat announced Wednesday they have re-signed guard Beno Udrih. As per club policy, terms of the agreement are not disclosed.

Udrih appeared in 792 NBA regular season games (272 starts) during his 12-year career and has averaged 8.5 points, 3.4 assists, 2.1 rebounds and 22 3 minutes while shooting 46.3 percent from the floor, 34.9 percent from three-point and 83 percent from the foul line. The NBA champion twice appeared in 53 playoff games and averaged 4.5 points, 1.2 assists, 1.0 rebounds and 11.3 minutes while shooting 38.8 percent from the field and 80.4 percent from the foul line.

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last season as a member of the HEAT and Memphis Grizzlies, Udrih appeared in 44 games (five starts) and averaged 4 , 7 points, 2.6 assists, 1.6 rebounds and 16.1 minutes while shooting 43.4 percent from the floor, 34.1 percent from three-point and 90 percent from the line. In his 36 games with Miami last season, he led the team in plus / minus seven times, third most on the team. He also posted a | 11-assist, no gambling revenue in Denver January 15, marking the most assists without a turnover during a game in his career and the double-figure game without help 28 one turnover in HEAT franchise history.

New Zealand 141 114: A powerful date for Maori, or just more Whitewash?

New Zealand 141 114: A powerful date for Maori, or just more Whitewash?

After another very long (and expensive) Tribunal, of the New Zealand Government, consisting of Judge Carrie Wainwright (Presiding), Professor Wharehuia Milroy, Dame Margaret Bazley and Professor Ranginui up Walker, and was supported by consulting historians and Tribunal Member Dr.. Robyn Anderson, was the unanimous opinion that the Maori peoples never conceded Sovereignty during the signing of Te Tiriti O Waitangi (Te Tiriti O Waitangi) to the British.

This is why, for more than a century the Maori peoples have treated as "second class citizens in their own country. This has are dramatically affected in many cases, their health, their livelihoods, proving their status as landowners their access to and protection of their ancestral heritage sites, and their ability to have any voice in the race, which was - and still is -. their own country

It is interesting to note that Chis Finlayson, Treaty Minister to have basically the Tribunal findings out of hand, stating that the current government of New Zealand still holds sovereignty over New Zealand. This quote from him, is typical of the attitude of many politicians in New Zealand. "No question there is that has the Crown Sovereignty in New Zealand. This report does not change that fact. "So have why the NZ government commission such a tribunal investigation, and why they are looking at the next stage of the Court that, if and to determine is if the government assumed" sovereignty ? When the reaction is the same as it was for part 1 of the Court, then wasting why even more time and money on a report that will allegedly hit never seriously by the current government of New Zealand?

The Maoris of New Zealand (or Aotearoa, as they would prefer to call it), like many other indigenous (or First Nations) peoples around the world, starting in their dignity as a nation in their own right, and are not just some subjugated tribe of savages. The United Nations is well aware, and assigns a lot of their time in changes of these people support status. So is why the New Zealand government does not take note of a tribunal that she herself had commissioned?

On the way to achieve this objective, in 2006 the Maori Confederation of Chiefs gave His Excellency Chief Charles Hohepa the greatest honor of the Maori nation - he was chosen (not chosen) to be the first Sovereign mandate - the Sole -Protection - the Maori nation. His Excellency Chief Charles Hohepa is, for many years to raise international funds, an attempt was made to significantly improve the status and well-being of many Maori, including the establishment of a new capital is seen to be built at Waitangi, as the new focus of the Maori Nation , He does so in his capacity as sovereign head of Matua Karanga Foundation. To achieve such an exulted position within a nation a very strong character with a strong moral code requires, as well as the ability to take a balanced view in any discussion or argument. This level of reputation, especially one based on mutual trust, is one that could be easily destroyed.

Unfortunately even this cheered Maori status is, but to see only a second-class citizenship and by the way he has been Chief Hohepa by the New Zealand legal system in 2007 following a 25- was treated standing dispute over the stewardship of the PWF (Peoples Worship in freedom) to bring an outreach / first aid means people who were in crisis or potential crisis or were victims of accidents and emergencies.

Briefly, a few years ago, the property was Chief Charles falsely accused by people his trustees of PWF dispute to try to steal this non-profit organization, and they brought him to trial. Unfortunate for Chief Charles, especially in this case was the fact that he was not "Pakeha", but a highly respected Maori chief.

were to have if the ruling elite of New Zealand passed by Pakeha and Maori, with the same status as by the result of the current Waitangi Tribunal, then a law of competition had been established, defined. In this case, the truth would have behind the gimmicks soon put any denigration "The Chief" to rest. In the event, the New Zealand Court refused leave His Excellency Chief Charles Hohepa to present its own, very clear and truthful defense.

total travesty of justice, which can never be sorted while Maori are treated as second-class citizens in their own country. If such a person eminent as H. E Chief Charles Hohepa can be attacked by the New Zealand Attorney General with impunity, what help can be woodsman for the poor Maori, or fishermen or small farmers through expropriations face, or the removal of its hereditary (Maori) rights , the act of an unsympathetic government illegally?

Interestingly, the people who head Hohepa were selected to his honored position, provides comprehensive information on the matter, and decided to dismiss the charges completely.

Many now rests on the ability of the New Zealand Government to fulfill its obligation to allow the current Tribunal to complete the second phase of its investigations, but unlike the first stage actually do something to allow the Maori nation status and acquiring ownership of the nation they created, and never went away.

Somali Kräfte, die von den USA unterstützte, Töten Shabab-Kämpfer in Razzia

Somali Kräfte, die von den USA unterstützte, Töten Shabab-Kämpfer in Razzia |

NAIROBI, Kenia - Die US-Streitkräfte halfen Somali Kommandotruppen mehrere Mitglieder zu töten Shabab militante Gruppe bei einem Angriff der vergangenen Woche, ein Sprecher US-Militär sagte am Dienstag, aber es ist unklar, ob High-Level-Agenten beseitigt worden waren.

Der Überfall fand am vergangenen Mittwoch, Stadträte, wenn ein Kontingent von US wirkenden Elitetruppen als somalische Kräfte Soldaten bei einem Angriff gegen einen in Saakow Kontrollpunkt Shabab begleitet, Vorposten isoliert im Süden Somalias wurde ein notorischer Versteck für Militante.

US-Spezialkräfte in Somalia wurden mit wachsendem Erfolg leise arbeiten seit Jahren.

Da die Somali-geführten Truppen den Kontrollpunkt näherten, die Militanten das Feuer eröffnet, eine Schießerei Auslösung, sagte Lt. Cmdr. Anthony Falvo, ein Africa Command Sprecher des US-Militärs. Drei Shabab-Kämpfer sind tot; keine Amerikaner wurden verletzt.

"US-Berater die Somali-geführten Kraft begleitet, die der Standard ist für das, was wir in diesem Bereich tun", sagte der Kommandant Falvo, der hinzufügte, dass die US-Truppen bewaffnet waren aber tat nicht an den Dreharbeiten beteiligt.

Die Shabab, eine somalische militante Organisation, die Treue zu Al-Qaida hat sich verpflichtet, führte mehrere illegale Checkpoints in Saakow, wo sie Geld durch die Besteuerung Bewohner und Händler erhöhen zu transportieren Waren in der gesamten Region.

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Gerüchte in Nairobi in Umlauf gebracht, dass der Führer der Shabab, Abu Ubaidah, die letzte Woche in einem US-Streik in Saakow getötet wurde. Aber Falvo Kommandant sagte das US-Militär immer noch die Ergebnisse der Operation beurteilen, und es war noch zu früh, um zu bestimmen, ob Shabab leitenden Kommandeure getötet wurden.

Die neuen somalische Medien berichteten, dass eine zweite Razzia in Saakow Samstag durchgeführt wurde. Falvo Kommandant sagte er über einen solchen Vorgang keine Informationen hatte. Er fügte hinzu, dass, wenn es einen Überfall gewesen war, keine US-Truppen beteiligt waren.

Nachrichtenmedien Somalia auch höhere Shabab Führer berichtet wurden in Operationen in Saakow getötet.

Somalia bleibt in einem gefährlichen Zustand der Unsicherheit, mit einer schwachen Zentralregierung und Hunderte, sogar Tausende von Kämpfern Shabab im ganzen Land.

Nation, eines der ärmsten Länder der Welt, geplant ist eine Wahl in diesem Jahr zu halten, ihren Präsidenten und das Parlament, aber Sicherheitsbedenken und die altersschwachen staatlichen Institutionen zu wählen bedeutet, dass Bürger stimmen nicht direkt. Stattdessen wählt Klanältesten die Delegierten, die die Politiker dann wählen werden.

Somalia von einer Krise in die seit 1991 taumelte hat, brach zusammen, als die Zentralregierung und die Warlords der verschiedenen Clans für die Beute um die Wette. Hunderttausende Menschen starben an Hunger, Krankheiten und Konflikte. In den letzten Jahren hat sich die Shabab unzählige Zivilisten in Somalia, Kenia und Uganda getötet.

Das US-Militär zahlreiche Luftangriffe und verdeckte Operationen gegen Shabab in dem Bemühen um Somalia zu stabilisieren und halten Sie die Gruppe Ausbreitung durchgeführt hat.

Im Jahr 2014 töteten US-Truppen Ahmed Abdi Godane, der Führer der Shabab zu der Zeit. Zu Beginn dieses Jahres tötete ein US-Luftangriff 150 Shabab-Kämpfer während einer militanten Abschlusszeremonie Zeremonie.

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? Is the law on responsibility Diminished Satisfactory

? Is the law on responsibility Diminished Satisfactory -

Voluntary manslaughter, as established in the Homicide Act 1957 is determined by three sections: diminished responsibility, provocation and suicide pact. These are all known meaning as part of defense that they do not give full acquittal of a sentence only, that the murder of homicide shorten. Diminished responsibility of § 2 of the Homicide Act is determined, stating that "If a person kills or party to a killing of another, he will not be convicted of murder if he affected by such abnormality of mind as much his mental responsibility suffered for his acts and omissions in doing or as a party to the killing. "

There can be used as a defense to murder if the defendant can prove an abnormality of mind when, for example, is the defendant an alcoholic, or has a mental condition as in Byrne (1960), in which the defendant had uncontrollable sexual desires. The defense is that the defendant does not have the necessary control over their actions when a reasonable person compared. Diminished responsibility has been criticized for a number of reasons, the very term "Diminished Responsibility" was criticized by authorities such as the Butler Committee, saying it was "not a medical fact the defendant in the context". There are also many other areas, which makes this area of ​​law controversial as I will discuss.

abnormality of mind covers a wide range of situations and described by Lord Cj Parker in the Court of Appeal in the case of Byrne (1960) as "a state of mind so different from the ordinary people, that the reasonable People would call abnormal. " In Byrne (1960), who was strangled and then mutilated a young woman accused of a sexual psychopath. He was convicted of murder, but the Court of Appeal considers that his condition came in the definition of diminished responsibility and he is convinced the murder was substituted for a murder.

The main problem was that the medical experts had describes Byrnes state as amounting to "partial insanity" and the appeal court had approved it. But in Seers (1984) has found that comparisons with madness are unhelpful and should be avoided. In this case, the defendant stabbed his estranged wife, claiming diminished responsibility because of chronic reactive depression. The judge directed that needed to be successful for the defense borders be Seers on the insane. It was his as his conviction of murder for a murder replaced was found to limit the insane as a result.

Another problem is with the Law on the diminished responsibility that diminished responsibility a wide range of mental conditions covers such as paranoia and epilepsy. Some conditions have been known for years, but some of the conditions that have been recognized in recent years as "battered woman syndrome", was shown in the case of Hobson (1998). In this case, the defendant stabbed her alcoholic and abusive partner to death in 1992 during an argument. At the hearing they claimed that they had acted in self-defense, and there was a subsidiary issue on provocation. Diminished responsibility was not specifically raised, and the accused was found guilty. She called based on the grounds of diminished responsibility on battered woman syndrome, which has not been viewed as an anomaly of the spirit to 1994. The Court of Appeal upheld the appeal and ordered a retrial. The problem with this area of ​​law is that some conditions can not be regarded as an anomaly when the mind only later and so the development in this area of ​​law is very slow, resulting in the people who have a real condition that they had no control for to be punished about

, the abnormality of the mind through one of the questions that needs to be created in the parentheses in § 2 (1) of the Homicide Act 1957. These are: a state arrested or retarded development of mind. any inherent cause of an illness or injury induced. Inherent cause means towards one that comes from the interior of the defendant, as to an external factor, and it does not have to be permanent. The important point is that it must be given at the trial medical evidence, an abnormality of the mind of one of the specified causes.The abnormality of mind must be, arise affecting the responsibility for his actions substantially the defendant. In Lloyd (1967) it was found that means "essential" not "total", nor did it "trivial" or "minimal". There is something in between, and it is to decide to jury whether the mental responsibility of the accused was impaired and, if so, it was substantially affected? In seers (1984), the court as well as the phrase "serious," and decided that "substantially" means more than "trivial", but not "total" or "absolute" impaired.

Diminished responsibility and alcohol makes things more complicated, as there are various combinations of noise and diminished responsibility that must be taken into account, which are: noise only, noise and a pre-existing abnormality of mind is not connected to the noise, noise, damage and noise the brain caused due to the dependence / addiction.There is a clear rule that alone is not abated intoxication responsibility. In Di Duca (1959) - chosen The Court of Appeal that the immediate effects of alcohol or drugs to take, were not a violation, even if it did have an effect on the brain. So a "temporary" state of intoxication was no abnormality of mind.

There are also difficulties also in cases in which the accused has an abnormality of mind, but also, at the time he intoxicated killing does. This issue was considered in Gittens (1984). In this case, the accused is suffering from depression. On a visit home from the hospital, he argued with his wife and beaten to death and then raped and killed his stepdaughter. At the time of the offense he had been drinking and taking drugs for depression. The jury had to consider all the factors, the noise of the exclusion and see if it was responsible for his actions to a significant deterioration of the defendant. The decision was interpreted as meaning that the defendant could make only diminished responsibility to prove if he could satisfy the jury that he had killed because of abnormality of mind, even if he had been intoxicated.

This point was later confirmed by Dietsch Man (2003). In this case, the defendant killed a man in a brutal attack while he was very drunk. He was also suffering from a mental abnormality, namely an adjustment disorder was a depressive grief reaction after the death of his aunt, Sarah, with whom he had a close emotional and physical relationship and he had believed (wrongly) committed suicide because of their drug problems. It was found that to benefit from the knowledge of the diminished responsibility, D he would not have to show who killed he had been sober. Also by intoxicated it will not not entitle the accused to the benefit of the defense of diminished responsibility, is the only factor than capable recognizes the law his spiritual responsibility of diminishing the spiritual described by the experts anomaly. It was also said that drink totaling Diminished responsibility is only able if either damage to the brain caused or generated an irresistible desire, so that the consumption involuntarily (eg alcohol dependence syndrome)

If the brain has been violated by alcoholism, this injury or illness can support a finding of diminished responsibility. This was stated in Tandy (1989). In Tandy (1989), the defendant, an alcoholic, almost a bottle of vodka had been drinking when she told her mother that she (Tandy) was involved 11 years old daughter with her husband. They strangled her 11 years old daughter. (They usually drank vermouth or barley wine), the Appellate Court found that, if the defendant is not able to resist drinking, so that is involuntary, this amounted to a diminished responsibility. The same point was again as in Wood (2008), in which the Court of Appeal pointed out that the "sharp effect of the distinction made in Tandy distinction between cases where brain damage as a result of alcohol dependence syndrome has occurred and where it is not, no longer appropriate. the court of appeal also said that the jury should ignore any consumption of alcohol which they voluntarily decide. in the case of Wood (2008), the accused was drunk and went into the victim's house and fell asleep. When he awoke the victim found trying oral sex on him to perform and hit the victim with a meat clever to kill him.

Although diminished responsibility had provided a satisfactory defense madness for the defendants available to the killing, but suffer from a mental abnormality, there is the defense still has problems. One such problem is the burden of proof, as in most other cases, the defense has to collect only the defense, and it is up to the prosecution to disapprove it. Nothing accused pleasing diminished responsibility are at a disadvantage, which is not confronted by this increase provocation.

Another problem is the wording of § 2 of the Homicide Act 1957. The definition in this has constantly criticized. Lord Justice Buxton describes the formulation as a "disgrace". The Law Commission in its report, murder, manslaughter and infanticide (2006) pointed out two fundamental problems with the law. These were that the section does not explain what is involved "substantially impaired mental responsibility" and that the definition in section 2 was not written with the needs and practices of medical experts in mind.

There have also been many proposals for reform. For example, recommended placement of the Butler Committee, the burden of proving that the accused did the act (or omission made) with the requisite state of mind, in pursuit. The logic behind the proposal of the Committee seems to have the perceived anomaly of the burden of proof with respect to the defense of insanity and diminished responsibility. The Criminal Law Revision Committee also felt that the prosecution should bear the burden of disproving insanity and diminished responsibility. They felt that but happy lawyers with the difference may be between to be safe, and be satisfied on the balance of probabilities (adding "if indeed any are"), jurors are probably confused by these subtleties and by the different placing the burden of proof for different offenses. The Criminal Law Revision Committee their confidence in the judge, to ensure that defenses which have no proper basis for the evidence to be withdrawn from the jury.

also the Butler Committee recommended that it should be possible, where the prosecution is in the proof possession indicates that a defense under the section can be made for them to raise manslaughter in the first instance and not as murder , The Committee determined that the prosecution would likely only to take this course if it is clear that the defense to it were pleasant. If the defense wanted should resist evidence of mental disorder, the charge to be murder, as is currently the case.

The criminal law have approved the recommendation of the Audit Committee Butler Committee, the opinion is that the mental state of a disturbed person is not likely, by improving a murder charge outstanding. They felt also that it can not be right that the charges in the most solemn manner known to the law should be given priority, that is to prosecution if the prosecutor that it is a defense to the charge, which is suitable to to be succesfull. Here the criminal law revision committee had the support of several prominent public institutions.

This recommendation, however, is not adopted in the Bill. Sparing notified the defendant of the fear of a process of murder and to appear of the fear on a murder charge in court would have given expression to the founding of mankind, to which the defense is based. Only cases where the medical evidence the prosecution would have denied would be tried as murder. So valuable court would have saved time and money, as a judge not with lengthy medical testimony on the issue of diminished responsibility before deciding whether or not to accept the request or leave it for jury determination are confronted. This leads me to the conclusion that yes, the law on diminished responsibility is satisfactory indeed.

Killed by a stranger: a rare event, but a fear Rising

Killed by a stranger: a rare event, but a fear Rising |

In 2014, homicides involving foreigners accounted for 11 percent of the total of the countries included in the Federal Bureau of Investigation Uniform reporting Program of crime, although in many cases other than this, the relationship between victim and killer was marked "unknown".

A review of homicides in the city this year where authorities either arrests or identified suspects gave less than 15 which, on the basis of the facts reported at the time and in the records of the court later seemed strange murders.

When two cases involving people killed in their workplaces were removed from the list, and two others where the victims were hit by stray bullets, the list of strange murders fell exposed nearly 10.

"God thank you, they are rare," Robert K. Boyce, chief of detectives of the police Department, said in an interview Friday. "they are head-scratchers. I just have found the bodies, and we do not know what happened. "

the No. 1 reason in a homicide is the resolution of a conflict, whether old years or seconds chief Boyce said.

photo

Jahkeem Scott, who police said climbed through a window in the Romulo Heras house in Brooklyn and fatally stabbed in January. credit NYPD

Police Department officials said that nearly a third of all attacks can be attributed to teams or youth gang. The tendency to such violence led police to focus on groups through initiatives such as Operation Crew Cut, to create conspiracy cases that can lead to convictions prior homicides occur.

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when the murders took place, police detectives usually work through a checklist angles of investigation, starting with the conflict in the past of a victim. Was the person in a gang? If so, investigators will determine if this band was feuding with another. Has the person had a criminal history? A homicide victim with multiple drug arrests would send detectives recorded in that looking for a pattern.

At the same time, cell phones and social media provide up-to-the-minute relationship problems up front, possibly laying bare arguments and continuous fighting.

the relatively rare presence of foreign homicides can be seen in the New York Times series of articles about each murder recorded this year in the 40th Precinct Police Department in the Bronx. In the six articles published to date, only one, a shot of fatal knife at a party at the crowded house might be considered a homicide by a stranger; the victim was unknown guests, irritating one who was drunk.

Most strange homicides examined in this article seems to be related to flights.

On January 22, a 61 year-old cook, Romulo Heras, was home in the east section of New York in Brooklyn when a named Jahkeem Scott teenager climbed through a window, police said . Mr. Scott later told police he had stabbed Mr. Heras to death and then prepared to start a fire to destroy evidence. When he noticed outsiders, according to court documents, "he took a shot of some liquor he had."

In another case, on June 17 in the Bronx, Carl Ducasse, 17, was stabbed to death in the street. In the days before his funeral, which drew hundreds of mourners, details surrounding the murder surfaced. A man asked Mr. Ducasse for money, and when he said he had none, the man assaulted, police said. When Mr. Ducasse took over in combat, a third man approached and stabbed him.

Photo

Terrell Henry V., who was shot dead outside a bodega in the Bushwick section of Brooklyn last week. Police had not made an arrest in the case as of Tuesday.

And on May 26 in Queens, in a case that District Attorney Richard A. Brown has called "truly disturbing" a man waiting for a bus before dawn was attacked by a homeless man who started and beat him to death before searching his pockets, according to a criminal complaint.

In all three cases, it appeared that there was no relationship between victim and killer.

that this was true in the murder Howard Beach remains to be seen. There were no witnesses. Ms. Vetrano normally ran with her father, but she was alone that night.

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"Is it random or is there a pattern?" Chef Boyce said Friday. "Was she harassed by someone? That's our big question." More likely, he said, the attacker came on and she saw an opportunity. The survey included a careful review of the restaurant and the bar where she worked, her Instagram account and other aspects of his life.

"All we normally do has been done," he said. "We're going outside of the box now." The only thing the police seem to know about the killer's motive, sexual assault.

Several new killings have been added to its list last weekend, including murder on Saturday of an imam and his assistant in Queens. On Monday, a man from Brooklyn 35 years, was accused in the killings, although authorities have not identified a motive - not so unusual since police said a motive has not been established in about 50 of the 214 homicides in the city this year

Before the weekend, the most recent homicide in the city came early Friday in the Bushwick section of Brooklyn, where Terrell Henry V., 22, from neighboring Bedford -Stuyvesant, was shot to 12 .: 50 am outside a bodega. There was arrested after leaving a party with his brother and a friend when he was shot, execution style, Boyce chief said.

"Brother and friend ride to see someone running away," said Boyce leader.

M .. Henry had no criminal history. There was no clear motive. So the detectives began looking at the minutes before his death. "Was he in a conflict at the party, so small?" Chef Boyce asked.

From there, the detectives will keep the coat.

"We do not know what happened," the chief said. "We must take off his life to see what happened."

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As a 7 in your IB Economics IA Get

As a 7 in your IB Economics IA Get -

As an economy IA posting comment

comments of the internal assessment component of the IB Economics course form. This component is worth 20% of the final score, but the flexibility and time you are available, there should be no reason why you can not score a high mark in this field.

is write the best part of the comment that you can decide to write the concepts. You decide to choose which products. You also are relatively no time pressure, which gives you plenty of opportunity to revise your comment and refine

This article aims to guide you through :.

路 As an economy to choose products

路 a systematic method to write a comment

路 a reference to definitions

路 Key points to remember

choosing a good article

in one sentence, this is the best advice I've heard about economy comments:

"a good comment not aimed economy in economy "

What does this mean

It means that the item you should primarily" non-economic ", ie uses its select everyday language. However, there should be a way for you, your business apply knowledge to the article

Against this background, if you find the following guidelines your item .:

1. Do not select products Pounds have written

Article by economists existing analysis

, or products that have a significant amount of analysis of the subject already, are often not good comment pieces. This is because too much would have been done by the review for you, and you are just the items with little input to be reformulated. It is better to find articles from the Daily News reporter who have little economic input and analysis.

2. Article must have something that you can evaluate

The best products are those where there is some controversy, for example:

路 If a tax on these be well placed

路 If the monopoly be regulated?

路 Should the government impose a tariff?

路 Is raising rates a good idea?

路 is this country's economic growth unstable?

whatever discussed the article you must be able to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of something and weigh. As such, often describe political decisions products are good to for writing comments.

It is therefore not recommended to choose products that list a few statistics about something that has happened to the economy.

. 3 As a focus for your evaluation have

750 words is not enough to effectively evaluate multiple situations and policy decisions. Ideally, choose a product that reflects this - that is, only describes a situation / policy. If this is not possible, then select the relevant part of the article, you will be discussing.

4. Select Search your concept before for the product

Think about the concepts in the area of ​​the curriculum that you are most confident about the vote. What this means is that you can be sure to list and explain at least 3 advantages and disadvantages of the policy / situation and illustrate this with diagrams

Good topics that assessment could be rich.

Microeconomics

路 implementation of price floors and ceilings

路 taxes (Australian carbon tax is good)

路 Externalities

路 buffer stock schemes

路 regulation of monopolies and oligopolies

路 subsidies

Macroeconomics:

路 The monetary policy decisions

路 financial policy decisions

路 economic growth implications

international Economics: to implement

路 decision protectionism (often fares)

路 decisions to influence the exchange rate

development economics:

路 Help receiving

路 growth development

see the article:

Once you have decided on your topic, you can find product should be fairly easy. Just search Google for related articles on this subject. You can add a bit of trial and error have. If you get stuck, try this approach:

Land + subject

For example, Russia fare price China ceiling, Australia carbon tax

Google now has a search function for news articles ,

If possible, have some variety in terms of the countries that you are discussing, so do not talk about China for all your products.

A systematic fashion to the article to write

This approach will work for the vast majority of products can be found. Note that this is similar to the approach described in "How to get the perfect score in an IB Economics Essay."

1. Grasp the important aspect of the article in 1-2 sets (preferably 1)

Assume that the moderator has already read your article, you have to explain not spend long, what the article is. With only 750 words are available, every word must count. So keep this part as short as possible.

The main purpose of this sentence is to let them know the examiner to be which part of the article, to keep the most important.

2. Show evaluate your intent and what it is that you will evaluate

leave no doubt in the mind of the auditor, from the beginning, you intend to vote. Comments that are purely descriptive with little evaluation, should and will help to avoid to prevent that to go in this case.

This should be only 1 to 2 sets.

3. List and explain advantages

The more detailed explanation of the benefit, the less benefits you must discuss and vice versa. Aim for at least 2 and not more than 3, although in rare cases, have only one advantage that you discuss in length.

discussed

With practice, you will work intuitively, like the length and detail that any benefit must in. Ideally, one plot per advantage discussed.

as you advanced will write in your essay, it is often useful to also qualify these benefits. Rather than simply "is a significant advantage that the policy will reduce unemployment," write writes "Since the economy is likely to be experiencing a deflationary gap, a major advantage of the policy that it will help to bring the economy closer to full employment."

4. list and explain disadvantages

the principles behind it are the same as for the benefits.

5. Weigh the advantages and disadvantages

It is often the case that the advantages and disadvantages do not carry the same weight. Depending on what is evaluated and the economy under consideration is, it is often more sensible one side or another to reject, rather than simply write: "It depends."

This is your conclusion substantially. should be for the vast majority of evaluations, and a preliminary conclusion, that "it is likely to be advantageous overall" rather than "It is definitely an advantage, as a whole."

for evaluations of policy it can be powerful to examine here some alternative policy options. Remember that to do nothing is a potential political decision.

are awarded A note on definitions

Marks for the correct definitions and as such it is important that you define the main economic words in your comment. However, to limit with a small word, arise definitions opportunity cost, the next best alternative waived if an economic decision.

must be as such a decision is made about which conditions you define. Keep the following in mind when deciding how and what to define.

1. Definitions should be as smooth as possible

For example, integrated, if you were to define maximum price:

Do not write:

The Chinese government a maximum price imposed on pork. A ceiling price is the maximum price set that can be levied on a product or service

Instead write .:

The Chinese government has a maximum price imposed the maximum price that can be charged to a commodity or service on pork.

The second approach saves words and flows better.

necessarily define 2. Not every single Economic word in your essay.

you just do not have enough words to define everything. Not all economic concepts are crucial for your review. If you are often there are defined words such as supply, demand, price or the amount you define too much.

is for the most part, do not show your understanding of the economic concept, with a libretto quoting definition, but by placing them correctly in your analysis.

to get an idea of ​​what needs to be defined, have some questions data response and look at what is defined in part a).

do not let your comment suffer death by definition.

3. Avoid

footnotes contained in your word limit footnotes with

, and it is often cost more words to write a definition in full, to smoothly in contrast to integrate in your comment. to remember

Key Points

1. Your comment purpose should be to evaluate. The review should be the "extra" part that you add, not be on for bonus marks.

2. Your analysis must

imagine your article specifically Basically when I took your comment and turned your item for another article on the same topic. If your item still "works", then your item is not targeted.

Be careful when generic arguments as the use of "A recession is a decline in demand for the product mean". If the product alcohol or cigarette, this is unlikely to be the case.

In addition, when you say: "The monopoly should be regulated by the government", make sure that the monopoly is not already regulated. Similarly, if you suggesting that the government have lower interest rates and the interest rates at zero for near (eg Japan), then your argument is flawed.

diagrams Draw the economic situation into account. when the economy in your article For example, is currently in a recession, dragging your AD / AS diagram. a deflationary gap Not AD SAS have cut production to full employment level. If your products in the industry is a net exporter, drawing the world market price is above the equilibrium domestic price.

Close thoughts

The internal assessment component should be the simplest component, high marks to score on. You have the flexibility of time, and you get basically your own testing to select question.

Hopefully this guide will give you the necessary direction and achieve your goals IB Economics.

Good Luck

Owen Yang

Executive Tutor - Australian IB studies

founder - IB Blueprint